Examining the partiality in the application of the principles, we come across the Fallacy of the Funnel or the Special Case, a moral and logical perversion that consists of rejecting the validity of a true universal norm alleging, for the benefit of oneself or the group to which one belongs, an exception devoid of objective justification. A double standard is thus established in which the rule widens accommodatingly for the friend and narrows relentlessly for the adversary. Neuroscience teaches us that the human brain carries a marked egocentric bias to protect the ingroup; The prefrontal cortex is prone to fabricate instant rationalizations that exempt one's own clan from the prohibitions that it demands with draconian severity from the rest of the civil body. The street proverb ironically illustrates this daily corruption in that exchange where the reason why a citizen violates an orderly line is questioned, receiving in response that the privilege arises from his kinship with the labor authority of the premises. In the field of political caudillismos, the law of the funnel is the supreme shield to reject the ethical reproach of the opposition, invariably alleging that one's own circumstances enjoy a singularity that legitimizes the transgression. The only prophylactic remedy against this hypocrisy requires confronting the interlocutor with his double standard, or exposing his demand to ridicule through absurd analogies where a taxpayer claims exemption from the common tax alleging that his private will prefers to allocate his assets to private recreation.

At the very heart of civil discord and social animosity lies the Fallacy of Hasty Generalization, an inductive short circuit that consists of elevating a conclusion drawn from an insufficient, atypical or biased sample of cases to a universal rule. Already in the 17th century, the Port-Royal logicians warned that reckless induction based on singular and non-representative experiences constitutes the primary cause of false judgments in human society. Neurologically, our central apparatus operates as a prediction engine that, driven by the need to survive in a hostile environment, compiles rapid stereotypes from minimal observations; If the amygdala registers a wrong committed by a member of a social stratum or a neighboring nation, it projects the aggressive trait onto the entire group to economize on individual analysis.

The thinker and martyr Saint Thomas More portrayed this analytical injustice with an immortal pen by pointing out the tendency of the uneducated people to proclaim the general corruption of the entire clergy in the face of the moral failure of a single undisciplined priest, as if the transgression of the individual contained the universal essence of the institution. In informative work, this bias is enhanced by our psychological inclination to vividly remember the extraordinary, the scandalous or the pathological, relegating to oblivion the thousands of normal and silent cases that confirm the general health of a community. On the theological and anthropological level, hasty generalization is the true biological and propaganda engine of hatred and war; To annihilate your neighbor without the remorse of conscience, it is an essential requirement to dehumanize him through generalization, erasing his unique face and his dignity as a creature to dissolve him into a uniform enemy mass. In the face of this barbarism, Christian philosophy reminds us that true charity is inseparably particular; Authentic love is not directed at collective abstractions, but at concrete people in their unrepeatable singularity.